If Jeff is producing at point A his output is 40 pages and 10 images. To increase his image output to 20 images he will have to move to point B, causing his page production to fall to 20 pages.

    For each additional image Jeff produces he must reduce his page output by two. Alternatively, for each added page he produces, his image output must be reduced by one half. This trade-off, or opportunity cost, is reflected in the - 1/2 slope of his PPF.

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